Elements are classified into two basic categories, metals and non-metals.
Before giving the definition of metal and non-metal, we must know some important terms:
(i) Malleability: Ability of an element due to which it can be beaten with hammer into thin sheets.
(ii) Ductility: Ability of an element due to which it can be drawn into wires.
(iii) Sonorous: Property of an element to produce sound when it is struck with a hard substance.
(iv) Brittleness: Property of an element to break easily into pieces on hammering or stretching.
Physical Properties of Metals:
Hardness: Most of the metals are hard, except alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, etc. Sodium, potassium, lithium etc. are very soft metals, these can be cut using knife.
Strength: Most of the metals are strong and have high tensile strength. Because of this big structures are made using metals, such as copper and iron.
State: Metals are solid at room temperature except mercury.
Sound: Metals produce ringing sound, so, metals are called sonorous. Sound of metals is also known as metallic sound. This is the cause that metal wires are used in making musical instruments.
Conduction: Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity. This is the cause that electric wires are made of metals like copper and aluminium.
Malleability: Metals are malleable. This means metals can be beaten into thin sheet. Because of this property iron is used in making big ships.
Ductility: Metals are ductile. This means metals can be drawn into thin wire. Because of this property wires are made of metals.
Melting and boiling point: Metals have generally high melting and boiling points.
Density: Most of the metals have high density.
Color: Most of the metals are grey in color. But gold and copper are exceptions.
Chemical Properties of Metals
Reaction with oxygen:
Most of the metals form respective metal oxides when react with oxygen.
Metal + Oxygen ⇨ Metal oxide
Examples:
Reaction of potassium with oxygen:Potassium metal forms potassium oxide when reacts with oxygen.
4K + O2 ⇨ 2K2O
Reaction of sodium with oxygen:Sodium metal forms sodium oxide when reacts with oxygen.
4Na + O2 ⇨ 2Na2 O
Lithium, potassium, sodium, etc. are known as alkali metals. Alkali metals react vigorously with oxygen.
Reaction of magnesium metal with oxygen: Magnesium metal gives magnesium oxide when reacts with oxygen. Magnesium burnt with dazzling light in air and produces lot of heat.
2Mg + O2 ⇨ 2MgO
Reaction of aluminium metal with oxygen: Aliminium metal does not react with oxygen at room temperature but it gives aluminium oxide when burnt in air.
4Al + 3O2 ⇨ 2Al2O3
Reaction of zinc metal with oxygen:Zinc does not react with oxygen at room temperature. But it gives zinc oxide when heated strongly in air.
2Zn + O2 ⇨ 2ZnO
Reaction of Iron metal with oxygen: Iron does not react with oxygen at room temperature. But when iron is heated strongly in air, it gives iron oxide.
3Fe + 2O2 ⇨ Fe3O4
Iron fillings give sparkle in flame when burnt.
Reaction of copper metal with oxygen:Copper does not react with oxygen at room temperature but when burnt in air, it gives copper oxide.
The transformation of chemical substance into a new chemical substance by making and breaking of bonds between different atoms is known as Chemical Reaction.
Signs of a chemical reaction: –
These factors denote that a chemical reaction has taken place- change of state of substance, change of color of substance, evolution of heat, absorption of heat, evolution of gas and evolution of light.
Chemical Equation: –
The representation of chemical reaction by means of symbols of substances in the form of formulae is called chemical equation. E.g.
2H2 + O2 —————–> 2H2O
Balanced Chemical Equation: –
A balanced chemical equation has number atoms of each element equal on both left and right sides of the reaction.
*Note- According to Law of Conservation of Mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
To obey this law, the total mass of elements present in reactants must be equal to the total mass of elements present in products.
Question 1. Here are some headings for paragraphs in the text. Write the number(s) of the paragraph(s) for each title against the heading. The first one is done for you.
Answers:
Question 2. Who had these opinions about Einstein?
He was boring.
He was stupid and would never succeed in life.
He was a freak.
Answer:
His playmates.
A headmaster.
His mother.
Question 3. Explain what the reasons for the following are:
Einstein leaving the school in Munich for good.
Einstein wanting to study in Switzerland rather than in Munich.
Einstein seeing in Mileva an ally.
What do these tell you about Einstein?
Answers:
Einstein left the school in Munich because he did not like the discipline of the school. He hated the school’s regimentation and often clashed with teachers.
Albert’s parents moved to Milan and left their son with relatives. After prolonged discussion, Einstein got his wish to continue his education in German – speaking Switzerland. Actually, it was more liberal than Munich.
Einstein saw in Mileva Marie an ally against the “Philistines”—those people in his family and at the university with whom he was constantly at odds. He found that she was a “clever creature”.
These tell that Einstein was a genius and had the capabilities to achieve his targets. Moreover, he had his own view of life. He liked freedom too much.
Question 4. What did Einstein call his desk drawer at the patent office? Why? Answer: Einstein called his desk drawer at the patent office the “bureau of theoretical physics”. Einstein was actually developing his own ideas in secret and his drawer had all the evidences which could reveal the secret.
Question 5. Why did Einstein write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt? Answer: With the emergence of Nazis in Germany, Einstein emigrated to the United States. It was the fact that the Nazis had the ability to develop the atomic bomb. It could destroy the whole world. So he warned Franklin D. Roosevelt in his letter.
Question 6. How did Einstein react to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Answer: The atomic bomb devastated the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He was deeply shaken by the extent of the destruction and wrote a public missive to the United Nations.
Question 7. Why does the world remember Einstein as a ‘world citizen’? Answer: The world remembers Einstein as a ‘world citizen’ because he believed in universal peace. When there was the rat race for becoming atomic power, he was worried about the aftermaths of the bomb. He was really a world citizen who was concerned with humanity.
Question 8. Here are some facts from Einstein’s life. Arrange them in chronological order.
[ ] Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity. [ ] He is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. [ ] Einstein writes a letter to U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and warns against Germany’s building of an atomic bomb. [ ] Einstein attends a high school in Munich. [ ] Einstein’s family moves to Milan. [ ] Einstein is bom in the German city of Ulm. [ ] Einstein joins a University in Zurich, where he meets Mileva. [ ] Einstein dies. [ ] He provides a new interpretation of gravity. [ ] Tired of the school’s regimentation, Einstein withdraws from school. [ ] He works in a patent office as a technical expert. [ ] When Hitler comes to power, Einstein leaves Germany for the United States.
Answers:
[1] Einstein is bom in the German city of Ulm. [2] Einstein attends a high school in Munich. [3] Einstein’s family moves to Milan. [4] Tired of the school’s regimentation, Einstein withdraws from school. [5] Einstein joins a University in Zurich where he meets Mileva. [6] He works in a patent office as a technical expert. [7] Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity. [8] He provides a new interpretation of gravitation. [9] He is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. [10] When Hitler comes to power, Einstein leaves Germany for the United States. [11] Einstein writes a letter to U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt and warns against Germany’s building of an atomic bomb. [12] Einstein dies.
Thinking about language (Page 51)
Question 1. Here are some sentences from the story. Choose the word from the brackets which can be substituted for the italicised words in the sentences.
A few years later, the marriage faltered, (failed, broke, became weak)
Einstein was constantly at odds with people at the university, (on bad terms, in disagreement, unhappy)
The newspapers proclaimed his work as “a scientific revolution”, (declared, praised, showed)
Einstein got ever more involved in politics, agitating for an end to the arms build up. (campaigning, fighting, supporting)
At the age of 15, Einstein felt so stifled that he left the school for good. (permanently, for his benefit, for a short time)
Five years later, the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin had American physicists in an uproar, (in a state of commotion, full of criticism, in a desperate state)
Science wasn’t the only thing that appealed to the dashing young man with the walrus moustache, (interested, challenged, worried)
Answers:
failed
in disagreement
declared
campaigning
permanently
in a state of commotion
interested.
Question 2. Study the following sentences:
Einstein became a gifted amateur violinist, maintaining this skill throughout his life.
Letters survive in which they put their affection into words, mixing science with tenderness.
The parts in italics in the above sentences begin with ing verbs, and are called participial phrases. Participial phrases say something more about the person or thing talked about or the idea expressed by the sentence as a whole. For example:
—Einstein became a gifted amateur violinist. He maintained this skill throughout his life.
Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with suitable participial clauses. The information that has to be used in the phrases is provided as a sentence in brackets.
……………. the firefighters finally put out the fire. (They worked round the clock.)
She watched the sunset above the mountain, ……………. (She noticed the colours blending softly into one another.)
The excited horse pawed the ground rapidly, ……………. (While it neighed continually.)
……………. ,I found myself in Bangalore, instead of Benaras. (I had taken the wrong train.)
……………., I was desperate to get to the bathroom. (I had not bathed for two days)
The stone steps, ……………. needed to be replaced. (They were worn down).
The actor received hundreds of letters from his fans, ……………. (They asked him to send them his photograph.)
Answers:
Working round the clock the firefighters finally put out the fire.
Noticing the colours blending softly into one another she watched the sunset above the mountain.
Neighing continually the excited horse pawed the ground rapidly.
Having taken the wrong train I found myself in Bangalore instead of Benaras.
Having not bathed for two days I was desperate to get to the bathroom.
The stone steps being worn down needed to be replaced.
The actor received hundreds of letters from his fans asking him to send them his photograph.
Writing newspaper reports (Page 53)
Here are some notes which you could use to write a report.
21 August 2005—original handwritten manuscript of Albert Einstein unearthed— by student Rowdy Boeynik in the Univer¬sity of Netherlands—Boeynik researching papers—papers belonging to an old friend of Einstein—fingerprints of Einstein on these papers—16 page document dated 1924—Einstein’s work on this last the¬ory—behaviour of atoms at low temper¬ature—now known as the Bose-Einstein condensation—the manuscript to be kept at Leyden University where Einstein got the Nobel Prize.
Question 1. Write a report which has four paragraphs, one each on :
what was unearthed.
who unearthed it and when.
what the document contained.
where it will be kept.
Your report could begin like this: Answers: Student Unearths Einstein Manuscript 21 August 2005. An original handwritten Albert Einstein manuscript has been un-earthed at a University of Netherlands.
A student named Rowdy Boeynik was researching on the papers belonging to his old companion Einstein.
The document contained papers of Ein-stein’s work on the last theory—Behav¬iour of Atoms at Low Temperature. Now¬adays it is known as the Bose-Einstein Condensation.
The manuscript will be kept at Leyden University where Einstein got the Nobel Prize.
Dictation (Page 53)
Question 1. Your teacher will dictate these paragraphs to you. Write down the paragraphs with correct punctuation marks.
In 1931 Charlie Chaplin invited Albert Einstein, who was visiting Hollywood, to a private screening of his new film, City Lights. As the two men drove into town together, passersby waved and cheered. Chaplin turned to his guest and explained: “The people are applauding you because none of them understands you and applauding me because everybody understands me.”
One of Einstein’s colleagues asked him for his telephone number one day. Einstein reached for a telephone directory and looked it up. “You don’t remember your own number?” the man asked, startled. “No,” Einstein answered. “Why should I memorise something I can so easily get from a book?” (In fact, Einstein claimed never to memorise anything which could be looked up in less than two minutes.) Answer: In 1931, Charlie Chaplin invited Albert Einstein, who was visiting Hollywood, to a private screening of his new film, “City Lights”. As the two men drove into town together, passers-by waved and cheered. Chaplin turned to his guest and explained: “The people are applauding you because none of them understands you and applauding me because everybody understands me.”
One of Einstein’s colleagues asked him for his telephone number one day. Einstein reached for a telephone directory and looked it up. “You don’t remember your own number?” the man asked, startled. “No”, Einstein answered. “Why should I memorise something I can so easily get from a book?” (In fact, Einstein claimed never to memorise anything which could be looked up in less than two minutes.)
I. Given below are some emotions that Kezia felt. Match the emotions in Column A with the items in Column B.AB1. fear or terror 2. glad sense of relief 3. a‘funny’ feeling, perhaps of understanding(i) father comes into her room to give her a goodbye kiss (ii) noise of the carriage grows fainter (iii) father comes home (iv) speaking to father (v) going to bed when alone at home (vi) father comforts her and falls asleep (vii) father stretched out on the sofa, snoring
Answers: 1. — (iii) 2. — (ii) 3. — (vi)
II. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:
Question 1. Why was Kezia afraid of her father? Answer: Kezia was afraid of her father because he used to talk to her harshly. He was in a habit of finding out her mistakes.
Question 2. Who were the people in Kezia’s family? Answer: Kezia’s family had her grandmother, mother and father.
Question 3. What was Kezia’s father’s routine?
before going to his office?
after coming back from his office?
on Sundays?
Answer:
He used to kiss Kezia casually before going to his office.
He would ask for the newspaper and tea after coming back from his office.
On Sundays, he would take rest. He would enjoy sound sleep on the sofa.
Question 4. In what ways did Kezia’s grandmother encourage her to get to know her father better? Answer: Kezia’s grandmother sent her to her father’s room to have a nice talk with him. Besides, she asked her to make a gift of a pin-cushion on her father’s birthday.
III. Discuss these questions in class with your teacher and then write down your answers in two or three paragraphs each.
Question 1. Kezia’s efforts to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much. How did this happen? Answer: Kezia used to be afraid of her father because her father talked to her harshly. One day her grandmother told her to make a pin-cushion to gift him on his birthday which was approaching. Kezia took it an opportunity to please him. So, she stitched cotton cloth three sides and looked for the things that could be stuffed into the stitched cloth. Soon she found out many sheets of paper. Actually they contained her father’s speech for the Port Authority. She tore them into pieces and stuffed her case.
One day when her father looked for the papers, he did not find them. After some time, he came to know that Kezia had tom them into pieces to make a pin-cushion. He got infuriated and beat her with a ruler. Thus, her efforts to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much.
Question 2. Kezia decides that there are “different kinds of fathers”. What kind of father was Mr Macdonald, and how was he different from Kezia’s father? Answer: In Kezia’s opinion, her father was very harsh. He did not talk to her affectionately but rather he used to speak to her stringently. So she avoided him. She did not want to be in front of him because she was afraid of him. Moreover, her father never spent time with her.
Macdonald family lived next door to her house. One evening she saw him playing tag with his children. A baby was on his shoulders and two little girls were hanging on to his coat pockets. They were laughing. Also, she saw some boys turn the hose on Macdonald and he tried to catch them laughing all the time. She found them feel friendly with their father. So, she wished if her father were like them.
Question 3. How does Kezia begin to see her father as a human being who needs her sympathy? Answer: One night Kezia had a nightmare which made her too terrified. She was crying out of fear. When she woke up, she found her father beside her bed with a candle in his hand. He asked her what the matter was. When he came to know about her nightmare, he blew out the candle, bent down and caught up the child in his arms. He carried her to the big bedroom. He laid her on the bed and pulled the covers up around her. Apart from this, he lay down beside her.
After some time, still half asleep, she crept close to him, snuggled her head under his arm and held tightly to his shirt. Now she felt comfortable.
Her father told her to rub her feet against his legs and get them warm.
Now, Kezia realised that her father was not as harsh as she thought. She realised that her father had to work all day long and got so tired that he could not play with her. She realised that her father wanted her to understand his compulsion. At bottom, he was a very good person.
Thinking about language (Page 38)
I. Look at the following sentence.
There was a glad sense of relief when she heard the noise of the carriage growing fainter…
Here, glad means happy about something. Glad, happy, pleased, delighted, thrilled and overjoyed are synonyms (words or expressions that have the same or nearly the same meaning.) However, they express happiness in certain ways.
Read the sentences below:
She was glad when the meeting was over.
The chief guest was pleased to announce the name of the winner.
Question 1. Use an appropriate word from the synonyms given above in the following sentences. Clues are given in brackets.
She was ………. by the news of her brother’s wedding, (very pleased)
I was ………. to be invited to the party. (extremely pleased and excited about)
She was ………. at the birth of her granddaughter, (extremely happy)
The coach was ……….. with his performance, (satisfied about)
She was very …………. with her results. (happy about something that has happened)
Answer:
thrilled
delighted
overjoyed
pleased
happy.
Question 2. Study the use of the word big in the following sentence: He was so big—his hands and his neck, especially his mouth… Here, big means large in size.
Now, consult a dictionary and find out the meaning of big in the following sentences. The first one has been done for you.
You are a big girl now. older
Today you are going to take the biggest decision of your career …….
Their project is full of big ideas …….
Cricket is a big game in our country……..
I am a big fan of Lata Mangeshkar……..
You have to cook a bit more as my friend is a big eater ……..
What a big heart you’ve got, Father dear ……..
Answers:
most important
great
very popular
great
great
very affectionate/large-hearted.
II. Verbs of Reporting
Study the following sentences.
“What! ” screamed Mother.
“N-n-no”, she whispered.
“Sit up”, he ordered.
The italicised words are verbs of reporting. We quote or report what someone has said or thought by using a reporting verb. Every reporting clause contains a reporting verb. For example:
He promised to help in my project.
“How are you doing?” Seema asked. We use verbs of reporting to advise, order, report statements, thoughts, intentions, questions, requests, apologise, manner of speaking and so on.
Question 1. Underline the verbs of reporting in the following sentences.
He says he will enjoy the ride.
Father mentioned that he was going on a holiday.
No one told us that the shop was closed.
He answered that the price would go up.
I wondered why he was screaming,
Ben told her to wake him up.
Ratan apologised for coming late to the party.
Answers:
says
mentioned
told
answered
wondered
told
apologised
Question 2. Some verbs of reporting are given in the box. Choose the appropriate verbs and fill in the blanks in the following sentences:were complaining, shouted, replied, remarked, ordered, suggested
“I am not afraid” ………. , the woman.
“Leave me alone,” my mother
The children ……….. that the roads were crowded and noisy.
“Perhaps he isn’t a bad sort of a chap after all” ……….., the master.
“Let’s go and look at the school ground”……….., the sports teacher.
The traffic police ……….. all the passers- by to keep off the road.
Answers:
remarked
shouted
were complaining
replied
suggested
ordered.
Speaking (Page 40)
Form pairs or groups and discuss the following questions:
Question 1. This story is not an Indian story. But do you think there are fathers, mothers and grandmothers like the ones portrayed in the story in our own country? Answer: There is no doubt that the Indian families too have such fathers, mothers and grandmothers. In this world of cut-throat competition everyone aspires for success. So, the parents (father and mother) get employed to provide the children with all the worldly comforts. But they fail to comprehend the psychology of the tiny tots and make them feel isolated. Children need parents’ time and love. They want that then- parents should interact with them humbly and without hurting their feelings.
Question 2. Was Kezia’s father right to punish her? What kind of a person was he? You might find some of these words useful in describing him:
Answer: Kezia’s father was not right to punish her. He should have understood that she was only a child and a child tends to make mistakes. A child’s mistake should always be mended.
On the one hand, he was strict, unkind and short tempered. On the other hand, he was hard-working, responsible and caring to his family. He worked hard all day long and got tired. So, he was compelled not to give any time to Kezia. At heart he cared and loved Kezia very much. When she got frightened due to a nightmare, he immediately came to her with a candle to know what had happened to her. It shows that he cared her very much.
Writing (Page 40)
Has your life been different from or similar to that of Kezia when you were a child? Has your perception about your parents changed now? Do you find any change in your parents ’ behaviour vis-a-vis yours? Who has become more understanding? What steps would you like to take to build a relationship based on understanding? Write three or four paragraphs (150-200 words) discussing these issues from your own experience. Answer: For self-attempt.
I. Answer these questions in a few words or a couple of sentences each.
Question 1. How old was Evelyn when she went to the Royal Academy of Music? Answer: Evelyn was not even seventeen when she went to the Royal Academy of Music.
Question 2. When was her deafness first noticed? When was it confirmed? Answer: Her deafness was noticed when she was eight-year-old. It was confirmed by the time she was eleven.
II. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph (30-40 words).
Question 1. Who helped her to continue with music? What did he do and say? Answer: Ron Forbes helped her to continue with music. He spotted her potential and said, “Don’t listen through your ears, try to sense it some other way.” He began by tuning two large drums to different notes.
Question 2. Name the various places and causes for which Evelvn nerforms. Answer: Evelyn performed free concerts in prisons and hospitals. She made music her life and performed many regular concerts.
III. Answer the question in two or three paragraphs (100-150 words).
Question 1. How does Evelyn hear music? Answer: Evelyn became deaf by the time she was eleven. But she did not give up. She was determined to lead a normal life and pursue her interest in music. Ron Forbes, a percussionist spotted her potential. He asked her not to listen through ears but try to sense it some other way. She realized she could feel the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down. Forbes repeated the exercise and soon Evelyn discovered that she could sense certain notes in different parts of her body. She learnt to open her body and mind to sounds and vibrations. She herself explained, “It pours in through every part of my body. It tingles in the skin, my cheekbones and even in my hair.” When she played on the xylophone, she could sense the sound passing up the stick into her fingertips. By leaning against the drums, she could feel the resonances flowing into her body. On the wooden floor she used to remove her shoes so that the vibrations may pass through her bare feet and up her legs.
Thinking about the Text (Page 25)
Question 1. Tick the right answer.
The (shehnai, pungi) was a ‘reeded noisemaker.’
(Bismillah Khan, A barber, Ali Bux) transformed the pungi into a shehnai.
Bismillah Khan’s paternal ancestors were (barbers, professional musi-cians).
Bismillah Khan leamt to play the shehnai from (Ali Bux, Paigambar Bux, Ustad Faiyaaz Khan).
Bismillah Khan’s first trip abroad was to (Afghanistan, U.S.A., Canada).
Answers:
Pungi
A barber
Professional musicians
Ali bux
Afghanistan
Question 2. Find the words in the text which show Ustad Bismillah Khan’s feelings about the items listed below. Then mark a tick (✓) in the correct column. Discuss your answers in class.Bismillah Khan’s feelings aboutPositiveNegativeNeutral
1. teaching children music
2. the film world
3. migrating to the U.S.A.
4. playing at temples
5. getting the Bharat Ratna
6. the banks of the Ganga
7. leaving Benaras and Dumraon
Answers:
Positive
Negative
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Positive
Negative
Question 3. Answer these questions in 30-40 words.
Question 1. Why did Aurangzeb ban the playing of the pungi? Answer: Aurangzeb banned the playing of the pungi because it had a shrill and unpleasant sound.
Question 2. How is a shehnai different from a pungi? Answer: A shehnai is a pipe with a natural hollow that is longer and broader than a pungi. It has seven holes on the body of the pipe.
Question 3. Where was the shehnai played traditionally? How did Bismillah Khan change this? Answer: The shehnai was played traditionally in the temple at the royal courts and on the occasion of weddings. The credit must go to Bismillah Khan to take this instrument onto the classical stage.
Question 4. When and how did Bismillah Khan get his big break? Answer: Bismillah Khan got his big break with the opening of the All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938.
Question 5. Where did Bismillah Khan play the shehnai on 15 August 1947? Why was the event historic? Answer: Bismillah Khan played the shehnai on 15 August 1947 at the Red Fort. He was the first Indian to greet the nation with his musical instrument. This event was historic because We got independence on that day. He poured his heart out in the presence of a large number of people including Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru.
Question 6. Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a shehnai school in the U.S.A.? Answer: He refused to start a shehnai school in the USA because he never wanted to leave India. He loved India so much and he did not want to settle anywhere except India. That is why whenever he was in a foreign country, he kept yearning to see Hindustan.
Question 7. Find at least two instances in the text which tell you that Bismillah Khan loves India and Benaras. Answer: Bismillah Khan loves India and Banaras The sound of Music 197 from the bottom of his heart. He says that he misses the holy Ganga and India when he goes abroad. While in Mumbai, he thinks of only Benaras and the holy river. And when he is in Benaras, he remembers the unique mattha of Dumraon.
Thinking about language (Page 26)
Question 1. Look at these sentences.
Evelyn was determined to live a normal life.
Evelyn managed to conceal her growing deafness from friends and teachers.
The italicised parts answer the questions: “What was Evelyn determined to do?” and “What did Evelyn manage to do?” They begin with a to-verb {to live, to conceal). Complete the following sentences. Beginning with a to-verb, try to answer the questions in brackets.
The school sports team hopes ………….. (What does it hope to do?)
We all want ………….. (What do we all want to do?)
They advised the hearing-impaired child’s mother ………….. (What did they advise her to do?)
The authorities permitted us to ………….. (What did the authorities permit us to do?)
A musician decided to ………….. (What did the musician decide to do?)
Answers:
to win
to succeed
to take her to a specialist
play
play a new Raaga
Question 2. From the text on Bismillah Khan, find the words and phrases that match these definitions and write them down. The number of the paragraph where you will find the words/phrases has been given for you in brackets.
the home of royal people (1) …………..
the state of being alone (5) …………..
a part which is absolutely necessary (2) …………..
to do something not done before (5) …………..
without much effort (13) …………..
quickly and in large quantities (9) ………….. and …………..
Answer:
royal residence
solitude
an indispensable component
improvise
effortlessly
thick; fast.
Question 3. Tick the right answer.
When something is revived, it (remains dead/lives again).
When a government bans something, it wants it (stopped/started).
When something is considered auspicious (welcome it/avoid it).
When we take to something, we find it (boring/interesting).
When you appreciate something, you (find it good and useful/find it of no use).
When you replicate something, you do it (for the first time/for the second time).
When we come to terms with something, it is (still upsetting/no longer upsetting).
Answers:
lives again
stopped
welcome it
interesting
find it good and useful
for the second time
no longer upsetting
Question 4. Dictionary work
The sound of the shehnai is auspicious.
The auspicious sound of the shehnai is usually heard at marriages.
The adjective auspicious can occur after the verb be as in the first sentence, or before a noun as in the second. But there are some adjectives which can be used after the verb be and not before a noun. For example:
Ustad Faiyaz Khan was overjoyed.
We cannot say: *the overjoyed man.
Look at these entries from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2005).
Consult your dictionary and complete the following table. The first one has been done for you.adjectiveonly before nounnot before nounboth before and after the verb beindispensable ✓impressed afraid outdoor paternal countless priceless
Use these words in phrases or sentences of your own. Answer:adjectiveonly before nounnot before nounboth before and after the verb beindispensable ✓impressed ✓afraid after the verb beoutdoor✓ after the verb bepaternal✓✓countless✓ priceless after the verb be
Sentences
My sister seemed impressed with his work.
She is afraid of her father.
I really like the outdoor games.
He lives in the parental home.
The District Library has countless reference books.
Your is gift priceless.
Speaking (Page 28)
Question 1. Imagine the famous singer Kishori Amonkar is going to visit your school. You have been asked to introduce her to the audience before her performance. How would you introduce her? Here is some information about Kishori Amonkar you can find on the internet. Read the passage and make notes of the main points about:
her parentage
the school of music she belongs to
her achievements
her inspiration • awards
Padma Bhushan recipient Kishori Amonkar, widely considered the finest female vocalist of her generation, was bom in 1931. She is the daughter of another great artist, Smt. Mogubai Kurdikar. In her early years she absorbed the approach and repertoire of her distinguished mother’s teacher Ustad Alladiya Khan. As her own style developed, she moved away from Alladiya Khan’s ‘Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana’s style in some respects. As a mature artist her approach is usually regarded as an individual, if not unique, variant of the Jaipur model.
Kishori Amonkar is a thinker. She is besotted by what she calls the mysterious world of her raagas. She dissects them with the precision of a perfectionist, almost like a scientist, until the most subtle of shades and emotions emerge and re-emerge.
She is very much inspired by the teachings of the ancient Vedic sages, written at a time when vocal music was highly devotional in character.
This soul-searching quality of her music, coupled with a very intellectual approach to raaga performance has gained her quite a following in India and has helped to revive the study of khayal.
Significant awards bestowed on this artist include the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1985), the Padma Bhushan (1987), and the highly coveted Sangeet Samradhini Award (considered one of the most prestigious awards in Indian Classical Music) in 1997. Answer: Do it yourself.
Question 2. Use your notes on Kishori Amonkar to introduce her to an imaginary audience.
You may use one of the following phrases to introduce a guest: I am honoured to introduce…/! feel privileged to introduce…/‘We welcome you’… Answer: It’s my proud privilege that I have been honoured to introduce you to the famous singer Kishori Amonkar, the finest female vocalist of her generation. She was bom in 1931 to the great artist Smt. Mogubai Kurdikar. She is a thinker who dissects the raagas with the precision of a perfectionist so that the raagas can be inspirational for the common masses. She is greatly inspired by the teachings of the ancient vedic sages. She is conferred with the significant awards viz., the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1985), the Padma Bhushan (1987) and the highly coveted Sangeet Samradhini Award in 1997.
Writing (Page 29)
Question 1. “If you work hard and know where you’re going, you’ll get there,” says Evelyn Glennie. You have now read about two musicians, Evelyn Glennie and Ustad Bismillah Khan. Do you think that they both worked hard? Where did they want to ‘go’? Answer these questions in two paragraphs, one on each of the two musicians. Answer: Yes, they both worked hard. It is a fact that dedication and determination help one in attaining one’s long cherished goals. Evelyn Glennie was profoundly deaf. She was not ready to give up. She was determined to lead a normal life and pursue her interest in music. She worked hard and got Royal Philharmonic Society’s prestigious Soloist of the Year Award in 1991. She accomplished more than most people twice her age.
Ustad Bismillah Khan belongs to a well known family of musicians from Bihar. He took to music early in life. He gave many memorable performances in India and abroad. He practised hard and reached his destination in 2001 when he was awarded India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. The other National Awards like the Padmashri, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Vibhushan were also conferred on him. His life has been a perfect example of the rich, cultural heritage of India.
I. Answer these questions in a few words or a couple of sentences each.
Question 1. How old are Margie and Tommy? Answer: Margie is eleven and Tommy is thirteen years old.
Question 2. What did Margie write in her diary? Answer: Margie wrote in her diary. “Today, 17 May, 2157, Tommy found a real book.”
Question 3. Had Margie ever seen a book before? Answer: No, Margie had never seen a book before.
Question 4. What things about the book did she find strange? Answer: The book had yellow and wrinkled pages. The words of the book were still. They did not move as the words move on the computer screen. She found these things strange.
Question 5. What do you think a telebook is? Answer: A telebook is displayed on the television screen and the text of a telebook is similar to a book.
Question 6. Where was Margie’s school? Did she have any classmates? Answer: Margie’s school was near her own bedroom. She did not have any classmate.
Question 7. What subjects did Margie and Tommy learn? Answer: Margie learnt Geography and Mathematics. Tommy learnt History and Mathematics.
II. Answer the following with reference to the story.
Question 1. “I wouldn’t throw it away.”
Who says these words?
What does ‘it’ refer to?
What is it being compared with by the speaker?
Answer:
Margie says these words.
It refers to that real book that Tommy found.
The speaker compares it with a telebook.
Question 2. “ Sure, they had a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man.”
Who does ‘they’ refer to?
What does ‘regular’ mean here?
What is it contrasted with?
Answer:
‘They’ refer to the people of the old times.
Here, regular refers to the mechanical teacher then they had.
It is contrasted with a normal teacher of earlier times, who was a living human being.
III. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph (about 30 words).
Question 1. What kind of teachers did Margie and Tommy have? Answer: Margie and Tommy had mechanical teachers. They were taught on computers and television screens. They didn’t have a living person as a teacher who would teach the pupils in a classroom.
Question 2. Why did Margie’s mother send for the County Inspector? Answer: Margie’s mother sent for the County Inspector because the mechanical teacher was not functioning efficiently. It had been giving her test after test in geography and she had been doing worse and worse.
Question 3. What did he do? Answer: He slowed down the mechanical teacher’s speed upto an average ten-year level. The mechanical teacher’s speed was controlled and adjusted according to the IQ level of Margie.
Question 4. Why was Margie doing badly in geography? What did the County Inspector do to help her? Answer: Margie had been doing badly in geography. This was because the mechanical teacher was very fast in displaying the questionnaire. The County Inspector adjusted its speed upto an average ten-year level. Thus, the mechanical teacher’s speed was controlled appropriately. The County Inspector assured that the overall pattern of Margie’s progress was quite satisfactory.
Question 5. What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher? Answer: Tommy’s teacher was taken away for nearly a month because the history sector had blanked out completely. So, Tommy had nothing to do during that period. He only relaxed and enjoyed.
Question 6. Did Margie have regular days and hours for school? If so, why? Answer: Yes, Margie had regular days and hours for school because her mother said little girls learned better if they learned at regular hours.
Question 7. How does Tommy describe the old kind of school? Answer: Tommy says that the old schools were different. They had a special building and all the kids went there to study. They laughed and shouted in the schoolyard. They enjoyed time together and learned lessons together in a classroom.
Question 8. How does he describe the old kind of teachers? Answer: He says that the old teachers did not live in the house. They had a special building and all the kids went there. They gave homework to students. They were not mechanical teachers, but living human beings.
IV. Answer each of these questions in two or three paragraphs. (100-150 words).
Question 1. What are the main features of the mechanical teachers and the schoolrooms that Margie and Tommy have in the story? Answer: Margie and Tommy have mechanical teachers. They need not go to school for getting a formal education. The mechanical teacher is placed in one of the rooms of the house and they can get the knowledge of various subjects of individually from the mechanical teacher. They don’t have such classrooms where students sit together. They study from the telebooks. So they don’t require books and exercise books. The examination system is very different. They do homework in a different way. Margie has to write them out in a punch code. She leamt it when she was six years old. So the system of their education is technologically advanced and not based on printed books.
Question 2. Why did Margie hate school? Why did she think the old kind of school must have been fun? Answer: Margie hated her school because she had a mechanical teacher. It was in her house. She was supposed to sit in that room alone to complete her hometask or assignments. The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. She thought that the old schools must have been fun because the students used to sit together in the classroom. They enjoyed, laughed and shouted in the schoolyard. Children needed company to enhance their skills. If they are isolated, they get depressed and dejected.
Question 3. Do you agree with Margie that schools today are more fun than the school in the story? Give reasons for your answer. Answer: There is no doubt that today’s schools are more funny than the future school discussed in the story. This school has nothing but a mechanical teacher with no emotions and sentiments. It does not have the ability to understand the psychology of a child. Moreover, it guides a pupil according to its adjusted modes. But today’s schools work for the overall development of a child. They learn the same thing. The teaches are real human beings. They leam how to adapt themselves to the new surroundings and cope with the strangers. The students sit and leam together. These activities don’t give vent to the feelings of depression, alienation and segregation.
Thinking about language (Page 11)
I. Adverbs
Read this sentence taken from the story:
They had once taken Tommy’s teacher away for nearly a month because the history sector had blanked out completely. The word complete is an adjective. When you add -ly to it, it becomes an adverb.
Question 1. Find the sentences in the lesson which match adverbs given in the box below,
Answer:awfully… and it was awfully funny… (para 1)sorrowfully… until her mother had shaken her head sorrowfully… (para 3)completely… the history sector had blanked out completely (para 5)loftilyHe added loftily… (para 6)carefully… pronouncing the word carefully,… (para 6)differently… each kid has to be taught differently, (para 8)
Question 2. Now use these adverbs to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
The report must be read ……………….. so that performance can be improved.
At the interview, Sameer answered our questions ……………….., shrugging his shoulders.
We all behave ……………….. when we are tired or hungry.
The teacher shook her head ……………….. when Ravi lied to her.
I ……………….. forgot about it.
When I complimented Revathi on her success, she just smiled ……………….. and turned away.
The President of the Company is ……………….. busy and will not be able to meet you.
I finished my work ……………….. so that I could go out to play.
Answer:
carefully
loftily
differently
sorrowfully
completely
nonchalantly
awfully
quickly
Remember: An adverb describes action. You can form adverbs by adding -ly to adjectives. Spelling Note: When an adjective ends in -y, the y changes to i when you add -ly to form an adverb. For example: angr-y → angr-i-ly
Question 3. Make adverbs from these adjectives.
angry …………….
happy …………….
merry …………….
sleepy …………….
easy …………….
noisy …………….
tidy …………….
gloomy …………….
Answers:
angry — angrily
happy — happily
merry — merrily
sleepy — sleepily
easy — easily
noisy — noisily
tidy — tidily
gloomy — gloomily
II. If not and Unless
• Imagine that Margie’s mother told her, “You’ll feel awful if you don’t finish your history lesson.” • She could also say: “You’ll feel awful unless you finish your history lesson.” Unless means if not. Sentences with unless or if not are negative conditional sentences.
Notice that these sentences have two parts. The part that begins with if not or unless tells us the condition. This part has a verb in the present tense (look at the verbs don’t finish, finish in the sentences above).
The other part of the sentence tells us about a possible result. It tells us what will happen (if something else doesn’t happen). The verb in this part of the sentence is in the future tense (you ’ll feelI you will feel).
Notice these two tenses again in the following examples:Future TensePresent Tense• There won’t be any books leftunlesswe preserve them.• You won’t leam your lessonsif
you don’t study regularly.• Tommy will have an accidentunlesshe drives more slowly.
Question 1. Complete the following conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verb.
If I don’t go to Anu’s party tonight, ………………………..
If you don’t telephone the hotel to order food, ………………………..
Unless you promise to write back, I ………………………..
If she doesn’t play any games, ………………………..
Unless that little bird flies away quickly, the cat ………………………..
Answers:
If I don’t go to Anu’s party tonight, she will get annoyed.
If you don’t telephone the hotel to order food, you will miss your evening meal.
Unless you promise to write back, I shall keep requesting you.
If she does not play any games, she will become lethargic and unfit.
Unless that little bird flies away quickly, the cat will pounce on it.
Writing (Page 12)
A new revised volume of Isaac Asimov’s short stories has just been released. Order one set. Write a letter to the publisher, Mindfame Private Limited, 1632 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, requesting that a set be sent to you by Value Payable Post (VPP), and giving your address. Your letter will have the following parts.
Addresses of the sender and receiver
The salutation
The body of the letter
The closing phrases and signature Your letter might look like this:
Your address …………………………………….. ……………………………….. Date ………………. (DD/MM/YY) The addressee’s address ……………………………….. ……………………………….. Dear Sir/Madam, ……………………………….. ……………………………….. Yours sincerely, Your signature
Remember that the language of a formal letter is different from the colloquial style of personal letters. For example, contracted forms such as ‘I’ve’ or ‘can’t’ are not used.
Answer:
516, Sec. 15 Panipat 11 Oct, 20XX M/s, Mindfame Private Ltd. 1632, Asaf Ali Road New Delhi
Sub: Request for the new volume of Isaac Asimov’s short stories.
Sir,
I just came to know that a new revised volume of Isaac Asimov’s short stories has just been released. I will be very grateful if you send one set of this volume as early as possible at my mailing address.
Yours faithfully, Rahim Khan
Encl: 1. A DD for ₹ 2000/- (State Bank of India, DD No. 131205 payable at New Delhi).
Speaking (Page 14)
In groups of four discuss the following topic.
‘The Schools of the Future Will Have No Books and No Teachers! ’
Your group can decide to speak for or against the motion. After this, each group will select a speaker to present its views to the entire class.
You may find the following phrases useful to present your argument in the debate.
In my opinion . . .
I/we fail to understand why . . .
I wholeheartedly support/oppose the view that . . .
At the outset let me say . . .
I’d/we’d like to raise the issue of/argue against. . .
I should like to draw attention to . . .
My/our worthy opponent has submitted that . . .
On the contrary . . .
I firmly reject . . .
Answers: In favour of the motion.
The schools of the future will have no books and no teachers because of . . .
the emerging computer and digital technologies.
the widespread availability of the internet links.
the innovative educational and application software.
the parents attitudinal changes.
the non-availability of skilled, competent and experienced teachers.
considerable emphasis on vocational courses.
the pupils’ broader perspective.
the modern and latest electronic gadgets.
ingenious invention of educational CD’s and TV programmes.
excessive wastage of stationery.
Against the motion.
The schools of the future will have no books. As a result,
the modem students will become the slaves of machines.
the teachers will be replaced by mechanical instructors.
the educationists will not intend to teach the students humanity and ethics.
the modern man will become materialistic and commercial.
the human beings will have no sentiments and human values.
the students will become arrogant and indisciplined.
the future of posterity is in dark.
the students will have no respect for their parents, elders and peers.
the feelings of fraternity will be no more.
the harmonious growth of a child will have no significance.
All solution for class 9th to 12th 